Unit 1 to 4 Question and AnswerUnit-1.1-The Maldivian Civilization
1. What is civilization?
Ans. The highest level of development of a society.
2. What are the earliest civilizations?
Ans. Sumerian, Egyptian, Indus valley and the Chinese.
3. Why did most of the early civilizations flourish near river valleys?
Ans. Rivers helped for agriculture and transportation.
4. What was the earliest civilization?
Ans. Sumerian civilization (3400 BC.)
5. Why do we call Maldives has a civilization?
Ans. Because Maldives has all the characteristics of a civilization.
6. What are the important characteristics of a civilization?
Ans. Invention of writing, metalworking, long distance trade, mathematics, surplus production of food and other materials, Standard units of weight and measures, architecture, specialized workmen in industry and trade. Wheeled carts.
7. What was the earliest alphabet of Maldives?
Ans. Eveyla Akuru.
8. What are the three alphabets that developed in Maldives?
Ans. Eveyla Akuru, Dhives and Thaana
9. What is the Dhivehi name for metal work?
Ans. Kanburuverikan.
10. Why do the early history of Maldives still remain unknown?
Ans. Because of the geographical isolation of Maldives.
11. When did people begin to settle in Maldives?
Ans. Around 2500 years ago.
12. Why did people settle in Maldives?
Ans. To collect cowries, coconut, fresh water and because of shipwrecks.
13. What did the Roman account tell about the early Maldivians?
Ans. They began to settle in Maldives around 1600 years ago, they were civilized people they traded with many people including the Roman king Julian.
14. Why did the early Maldivians develop a unique identity of their own?
Ans. Because of the Geographical isolation of Maldives.
15. What was the basis of Maldivian economy?
Ans. Sea trade.
16. What were the earliest coins that used in Maldives?
Ans. Roman and the Indian coins.
17. What was the early form of money that used in Maldives?
Ans. Cowries.
18. What were the goods either produced or collected by the early Maldivians?
Ans. Coir, dried fish, turtle shell, cowries, ambergris, etc.
19. How do we know the early Maldivians had trade relations with the other people?
Ans. Because Maldivian cowries had been located from the different parts of the world.
20. With whom did the early Maldivians have trade relations?
Ans. Arabs, Greeks, Romans, Persians, Malays, Chinese, etc.
21. What type of society was the early Maldivian society?
Ans. Matriarchal society.
22. What is matriarchal society?
Ans. A society in which women have considerable powers.
23. How many natural atolls are in Maldives ?
Ans : 26
24. When was Islam introduced in Maldives?
Ans. In 1153.
25. What is an Era?
Ans. A time period which starts from an important event.
26. What is Hijrah?
Ans. The migration of Prophet Mohamed from Mecca to Medina.
27. When was the Hijri calendar started?
Ans. On 16th July 622.
28. What were the two calendars used in Maldives?
Ans. Hijri and Meelaadhee
29. What are the differences between Hijri and Meelaadhee?
Ans. Hijri is a religious(Islamic) calendar while Meelaadhee in an official calendar.
30. When was Meelaadhee calendar introduced in Maldives?
Ans. In 1582.
Unit-1.2-Sources for the History of Maldives
1. What helps us to learn about the past?
Ans. Evidence.
2. How many different types of evidence are there and what are they?
Ans. Three types, they are documentary, archaeological and folk evidence.
3 What is the most reliable source of evidence and why?
Ans. Archaeological evidence because we get it directly from the past.
4. What is archaeological evidence? Example
Ans. Material remains from the past. E.g. coins, pottery Havitha, etc.
5. What is documentary evidence? Examples.
Ans. Written records. E.g. inscriptions, manuscripts, films, travel accounts, etc.
6 What is Thareekh?
Ans. Historical literature of Maldives written by Hassan Thajuddin in Arabic
7 What type of evidence is Thareekh?
Ans. Documentary evidence.
8 What is folk evidence?
Ans. Stories and practices that are continued over generations.E.g.Rannamari legend,
Stories of Handi and Hamundi, etc.
9 What is the least reliable source of evidence?
Ans. Folk Evidence.
10. What are the major archaeological sites in Maldives?
Ans. Thoddoo, Nilandhoo and Kashidhoo.
11. When did Ibn Batuta visit Maldives?
Ans. In the 14th century.
12. Where through the equatorial channel passes in Maldives?
Ans. Between Addu and Huvadhoo or between Huvadhoo and Fuvahmulaku.
13 Why is the documentary evidence less reliable than the archaeological evidence?
Ans. Because documentary evidence can be changed from place to place, person to
Person and also from time to time.
15 Why is South Asia often called a sub continent?
Ans. Because of its size and geographical features.
Unit-1.3-South Asia
1. How many countries are there in South Asia?
Ans. Seven.
2. What were the aborigines or the earliest people of South Asia called?
Ans. Austroloids or Austro Asians
3 Which climate does the South Asia share?
Ans. Monsoon climate.
4 How did different ethnic group enter South Asia?
Ans. Through high mountain passes and through maritime activities.
5. What are the similarities and the differences of the South Asians?
Ans. Similarities in physical appearance, culture, tradition, life style, etc.
Differences in religion, language, dress, etc.
6. What percent of the world population live in South Asia?
Ans. Around 20%.
Unit-2.1-The Rise and Spread of Islam.
1. What was the most important event in the 7th century world?
Ans. Rise of Islam in Arabia.
2. Who was the founder of Islam?
Ans. Prophet Mohamed.
3. When and Where Prophet Muhammad was born ?
Ans. In 570 in Makkah in Saudi Arabia.
4. When did the message of Islam reveal to Prophet Muhammad?
Ans. From 610 onwards.
5. Who were the first Caliphs?
Ans. Kulafa-ul-Rashidun.
6. Where were the first caliphs based?
Ans. At Madinah.
7. Who were the first four Khaleefaas?
Ans. Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali.
8. Who were the second Caliphs?
Ans. Umayyad Caliphs.
9. Where were the Umayyad Caliphs based?
Ans. Damascus in Syria.
10. Where were the Abbasid Caliphs based?
Ans. Baghdad in Iraq.
11. Who was the most famous among the Abbasid Caliphs?
Ans. Haroon al Rasheed.
12. Who established the Al- Azhar University in Egypt?
Ans. Abbasid Caliphs.
13. Who was the founder of the Ottoman Caliphs?
Ans. Usman
14. Who was the most famous among the Ottoman Caliphs?
Ans. Sultan Salahuddin
15. What was the capital of the Ottoman Caliphs?
Ans. Istanbul.
16. Who was the founder of the Mughal Empire?
Ans. Babur.
17. Who was the most famous among the Mughals?
Ans. Akbar.
18. Who founded the world famous Tajmahal?
Ans. Shahjahan in memory of his wife Mumthaz Mahal.
19. What is Silk route?
Ans. The land route from China to Europe through Central Asia.
Unit-2.2-Islam in South and South East Asia.
1. When was Islam introduced in Sumatra?
Ans. In 1210.
2. What is the total population of Muslims in South Asia?
Ans. Around 500Million (30-40%)
Unit-2.3-The Rise of Islam in Maldives.
1. What is the most popular legend about the introduction of Islam in Maldives?
Ans. The Rannamari legend.
2. Who was the first Sultan of Maldives?
Ans. Sultan Mohamed Ibn Abdullah.
3. Name the documentary evidence that mentions about the Rannamari legend?
Ans. Ibn Batuta’s travel accounts.
4. Named the Moroccan traveler visited Maldives..
Ans: Abul Barakaath
Unit 3: Maldives and Colonialism in South Asia
Unit-3.1-Maldives Liberated from the Portuguese.
1 . What was the first European power colonized the South Asian countries ?
Ans. The Portuguese
2 Who discovered a new sea route from Europe to India?
Ans. Vasco-da –Gama.
3 Who were ruling in India at the time of the Portuguese arrival?
Ans. Mogals in the North , Bhamini Sultans in the Deccan and . Vijayanagara Empire in the South .
4. What is Colonialism?
Ans. A powerful country controls less powerful countries, use their resources in order to become rich and powerful.
5. When did the Portuguese get knowledge about Maldives?
Ans. 1507.
6. Why did the Portuguese want to occupy Maldives?
Ans. To control the sea route, to get, coir, cowries, ambergris and dried fish.
7. What is Spice route?
Ans. The sea route from the Middle Eastern countries to Asia through the Indian Ocean
8. Who were controlling Maldivian coir trade at the time of the Portuguese?
Ans. Maamali Marakar of Kannannur.(Ali Rajas)
9. The Sultan who granted for the Portuguese to trade with Maldives.
Ans. Sultan Kalhu Mohamed.
10. When did the Portuguese get the permission to trade with Maldives?
Ans. 1517.
11. When did the Portuguese attack Maldives?
Ans. In 1558.
12. Who was the Portuguese leader in Maldives?
Ans. Adhiri Adhirin.
13. Who was the Sultan of Maldives at the time of the Portuguese attack?
Ans. Sultan AliVI.
14 How long did the Portuguese rule last in Maldives?
Ans. 15 years and 6 months.
15. Who were the famous Utheemu brothers?
Ans. Mohammed Thakurufanu, Ali Thakurufanu and Hassan Thakurufanu.
16. Who was the leader of the freedom struggle against the Portuguese?
Ans. Mohamed Thakurufanu
17. Which among the Thakurufanu brothers lost his life in the freedom struggle?
Ans. Ali Thakurufanu.
18 Who killed Adhiri Adhirin?
Ans. Mohamed Thakurufanu.
19 When did Mohamed Thakurufanu liberate Maldives from the Portuguese?
Ans. On 1st July 1573.(1st ,Rabeeul’ Awwal)
20 The Sultan who built a fort around Male’?
Ans. Sultan Imadduddin I
21. When do we mark the National day and why?
Ans. On 1st Rabeeul Awwal in memory of Mohamed Thakurufanu and his men.
22 Who introduced coins in Maldives?
Ans. Sultan Mohamed Thakurufanu.
23. Where is the tomb of Mohamed Thakurufanu located?
Ans. In Male’ at Bihuroasu Kamana Misky.
24. What is the Seven Years War?
Ans. The war that was fought between England and France from 1756 to 1763.
25 When did America get independence and from whom?
Ans. In 1776 from Great Britain.
Unit-3.2-Colonial Powers in South Asia
1. Who succeeded the Portuguese as the colonial power in the Indian Ocean?
Ans. The Dutch.
2. What is a colony?
Ans. A country, which is controlled by a amore powerful country.
3 What were the East India Companies?
Ans. The trading companies established by the Europeans to unite their merchants in the colonies.
4. Name the major East India Companies
Ans. English East India Company, London, 1600.
Dutch East India Company, Java, 1602.
French East India Company, 1664.
5. How could the small European countries control the large countries from other continent?
Ans. Through trade and sea power.
6 Where did the Dutch concentrate their colonial activities in the Indian Ocean?
Ans. East Indies.
7 How was the Dutch relation with Maldives?
Ans. Friendly relation.
Unit-3.3-Malabari Conquest and Dhon Bandarain
1. When do we mark the Huravee day and why?
Ans. 3rd Jumadhul Akhir in remembrance of Dhon Bandarain.
2. Who was the sultan of Maldives during the time of the Malabari’s attack?
Ans. Sultan Mukarram Mohamed Imadduddin III.
3 When did the Malabaris attack Maldives?
Ans. 1752.
4. How long did the Malabari’s rule Maldives?
Ans. 3 months and 20 days.
5.Who liberated Maldives from the Malabaris?
Ans. Hassan Manikufanu popularly called Dhonbandarain.
6. When did the French leave Male’?
Ans. 1754.
7 Which foreign power did help the Maldivians to stop the Malabari’s rule?
Ans. The French.
8. What was the Royal title of Hassan Manikufanu?
Ans. Sultan Ghazee Hassan Izzuddin.
9 How did Sri Lanka become a British colony?
Ans. With the capture of Kandy in 1815.
10 Who were called Borahs?
Ans. The Shiah Muslim merchants from western India.
11 What was the Protectorate Treaty of 1887?
Ans. The Treaty that was signed between Maldives and Britain.
12. What is a protectorate?
Ans. A country, which is protected by a more powerful country.
13 Why did Maldives become a Protectorate of Britain?
Ans. Because of the growing British power in south Asia.
14. What did Maldives and Britain agree in the Protectorate Treaty of 1887?
Ans. Britain agreed to protect Maldives from foreign enemies and would not interfere in the internal matters of Maldives. Maldives gave up her rights to sign treaties with other country.
15 Why do we remember Dhonbandarain?
Ans. Because he liberated Maldives from the Malabaris and the French through a clever combination of war and diplomacy
Unit-4.1-Nationalism in Asia.
1. What is Nationalism?
Ans. The mental attachment of the people towards their nation.
2. What are the different aspects of Nationalism?
Ans. Defending the independence of ones nation, work for its prosperity, promote its values and interests..
3. From where did the word nationalism originate?
Ans. From the word nation.
4. What are nation states?
Ans. Nations that have independent governments.
5. Where did the modern nation states originate and when?
Ans. In Europe after the 14th century.
6. Which international events did encourage the people of the colonies to fight for their freedom?
Ans. American War of Independence (1776), French Revolution (1789), the Russian Revolution (1917).
7. What were the results of the nationalistic movements of the 20th century?
Ans. Colonies got their independence, united the people, regained the rights of the people.
8. Which were the first two nation states?
Ans. England and France.
9. What were the reasons for the development of nationalism in the 20th century?
Ans. Western education, works of national leaders and the influence of some international events.
10. Who were the important national leaders of the 20th century?
Ans. Mahatma Gandhi of India, Dr. Sun Yat Sen of China, Ho Chiminh of Vietnam and
Sukharno of Indonesia.
Unit-4.2-Indian National Movement and the Independence of South Asia.
1. What was the first organized revolt against the British in India?
Ans. The Revolt of 1857. ( Sepoy Mutiny)
2. Why did the Revolt of 1857 fail?
Ans. Because of disunity among the Indians.
3. When did Mahatma Gandhi born and where?
Ans. In Gujarat in India in 1869.
4. From where did Gandhi complete his higher education?
Ans. London.
5. Where did Gandhi start his political career?
Ans. South Africa.
6. What were the two unique ideas introduced by Mahatma Gandhi?
Ans. Non-violence and non-co-operation.
7. What was Satyagraha?
Ans. The mass movement organized by Mahatma Gandhi.
8. What were the achievements of Mahatma Gandhi?
Ans. United the Indians, spread nationalism, Hindu-Muslim unity, and independence of India.
9. Who was the British Prime Minister during the Second World War?
Ans. Winston Churchill.
10. The British Prime Minister who gave independence to the colonies?
Ans. Clement Atlee.
11. The two world powers that emerged after the Second World War?
Ans. USA and USSR (Russia).
12. Who was the leader of the Indian Muslims in 1940s?
Ans. Mohamed Ali Jinnah.
13. Who was the first Prime Minister of India?
Ans. Jawaharlal Nehru
14. Who was the first Governor of Pakistan?
Ans. Mohamed Ali Jinnah.
15 When did India and Pakistan get independence?
Ans. India-15th August 1947
Pakistan-14th August 1947
16. When did Sri Lanka get independence?
Ans. In February 1948.
17 When was Mahatma Gandhi died?
Ans. On 30th January 1948.
18 When did East Pakistan become Bangladesh?
Ans. In 1971
19 Who was the first Prime Minister of Sri Lanka?
Ans. D.S.Senanyake.
Unit-4.3-Independence of Maldives.
1 When did Philippines get independence from America?
Ans. In 1946.
2. The leader who nationalized the Suez Canal in 1956.
Ans. Gamal Abdul Nasser.
3 The airstrip in Maldives operated by the British during the Second World War
Ans. Gan airstrip.
4. The joint British –American base in the south of Maldives.
Ans. Diego Garcia in the Chagos Island.
5. When did Maldives get independence?
Ans. On 26th July 1965.
6. When did Maldives become a member of the UNO?
Ans. In 1965.
7. When did the British leave their base at Gan?
Ans. In 1976.
Unit-4.4-Political Developments in Maldives after 1900
1 Who was the first Sultan of the 20th century Maldives?
Ans. Sultan Mohamed Shamsuddin III.
2. Who was the Prime Minister of Sultan Shamsuddin III?
Ans. Ibrahim Didi
3. The Sultan who introduced the first constitution of Maldives?
Ans. Sultan Mohamed Shamsuddin III.
4. When was the first written constitution introduced?
Ans. December 1932.
5. What were the changes introduced through the first constitution?
Ans. A Majlis and Council of Ministers.
6 The Sultan who was selected by the people but never assumed power.
Ans. Abdul Majeed Didi.
7. Who was the Prime Minister of Abdul Majeed Didi?
Ans. Mohamed Amin Didi
8 When was the first republic of Maldives established?
Ans. 1953.
9. When was the Protectorate Treaty of 1887 renewed?
Ans. 1948.
10. Who was the first President of the First republic?
Ans. Mohamed Amin Didi.
11. What were the important contributions of Mohamed Amin Didi?
Ans. First republic, modern school, health facilities, education of women, power plant,
Telephone, MGB Stores, football grounds, implementation of Shariah, voting
Rights to women, etc.
12. What is the name given to the vote, which is taken to get yes, or no as answer?
Ans. Referendum.
13. How long did the First Republic last?
Ans. One Year.
14. Who was the last Sultan of Maldives?
Ans. Mohamed Fareed Didi.
15. What was the predecessor of STO?
Ans. MGB Stores.
16. When did Ibrahim Nasir become Prime Minister?
Ans. In 1957.
17 What was United Suva dive Islands?
Ans. The separate state formed by Addu, Huvadhoo and Fuvahmulaku in 1959.
18. What were the reasons for the forming of the United Suvadive Republic?
Ans. The establishment of the MGBS and the support of RAF.
19. Who was the separatist leader? Where did he get asylum?
Ans: Abdullah Affif Didi. Seychelles
20 Who introduced the tourism industry in Maldives?
Ans. Ibrahim Nasir.
21. When was the Second Republic established in Maldives?
Ans. On 11th November 1968.
22. Who was the first President of the independent Republic?
Ans. Ibrahim Nasir.
23. What were the important contributions of Ibrahin Nasir?
Ans. Tourism industry, GCE, mechanization of fishing industry, Maldives was opened to the outside world, etc.
24. How long did Ibrahim Nasir serve as President?
Ans. 10 years
25. When did Moumoon Abdul Gayoom become the President?
Ans. In 1978.
26. Who signed the agreement securing absolute independence for Maldives?
Ans. Ibrahim Nasir.
27. Who introduced the political party system in Maldives?
Ans: President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
28. Who is the third President of the Second Republic?
Ans: Mr. Mohammed Nasheed.
SHRAFFUDDIN SCHOOL ADDU CITY .MALDIVES
Sunday, 28 March 2010
Saturday, 20 March 2010
Tuesday, 16 March 2010
Gandhi The Freedom Leader of India
The Separatist movement in the Southern Atolls
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GuLzAaR
Devilish and Admonish http://kudhube.blogspot.com/2008/11/separatist-movement-in-havaru-thinadhoo.html
Separatist Movement in Havaru Thinadhoo
Nov 26, 2008
Havaru Thinadhoo, presently known as G.DH Thinadhoo was once depopulated and dispersed and later again on 22 August 1966 it was rebuilt with 440 households of not more than 2500 inhabitants. According to the historians of Maldives the people of Thinadhoo were involved in the formation of separate nation called United Suvadive Republic ( 3 January 1959 to 23 September 1963) jointly with Addu and Fuvamulah, three southernmost Atolls of Maldives and Huvadhoo Ocean separating them from the rest of Maldives.
According to the historians the separatist movement started soon after British started their decolonizing the South Asia namely India and Sri Lanka. Due to lack of proper communication and scheduled shipping line there was no communication between the Centre and the distant atolls of Maldives The islanders of these atolls were deprived from essential items like food, clothing and most importantly there was no medicines for epidemic s. This isolation leads the South Atolls to establish direct trade link with Ceylon and South of India. The islanders had their own sail boats and were self sufficient without the help of the Centre of the Maldives. The historians agree that the south of Maldives was wealthier than that of Male’ due to its direct trade links with the foreign traders. This self sufficiency was affected when India and Sri Lanka got its independence and South traders need to get a travel document which was issued in Male’. This caused many sailors and the businessmen to suffer again. Frustration together with the isolation caused Southern warriors to go against government and form new nation thinking that with the help of British they will be able to sail across the ocean to their destinations without showing document. The people of South with their open heart trusted English people who were supervising the work of the Gan airport, without knowing that their Government had seized the ships of South people. This caused the south people to suffer in starvation. Many people and children died due to the starvation. Then the Prime Minister used the opportunity and called for surrender. The hunger and the anger made the people not to surrender in fact they fought even though they do not own any weapons. Some historians say that they are the people with pride and arrogance.
When I read some articles about Havaru Thinadhoo Baqavai i was amazed by the courage of the people. They not only fought for their rights but also fought to protect their properties and family. Their properties were destroyed in 1962 when the Prime Minister captured the island and forced islanders to leave the Island. The prisoners were taken to Male’ in Maldives Star and were imprisoned for life where many prisoners died due to torture and disease. The rest of people were dispersed to other neighbouring islands where most of them had to sell the belongings they left with to get a handful of rice. This is not worse than that of the situation in Darfur. The people of Thinadhoo lost their properties; families had to find separate way, lost their pride, the pregnant women lived with no husband to support. The once capital of the atoll was looted. Havaru Thinadhoo was resettled on the 22nd August 1966. The name was changed from Havaru Thinadhoo to Thinadhoo on 27th June 1979.
I wonder when the eminent people will be willing to tell the truths, wonder why suddenly they started talking about decentralisation and the way of connecting all the islands. The centre should not be biased. We all are Maldivians and we share same history, culture and Tradition. Maldives not only need to restructure the government it also need to have better and proper shipping line as well as costal security system
Posted by dieDie at 8:08 PM
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One response to “Separatist Movement in Havaru Thinadhoo”
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BuGs said...
04:22
Well, it is so surprising to know about the hunger and starvation and the trade link. We just hear about the starvation. not the other side of the story. Nice work die!
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